Gazenvageny NKVD rested here in an interesting plugging. Rumor terrible-awful that it is the specialists of the NKVD was first developed and tested a vehicle for transformation sentenced to capital punishment in the "two hundredth" directly in the process of transportation to the place of execution.
It all started with a favorite and beloved Anne Applebaum:
in the Soviet Union had its own ways of cracking down on hundreds of thousands of citizens. Usually people are not transported to this concentration camp, and drove at night in the forest, lined up the chain and being shot in the head and buried in mass graves - a way to not less than "industrial and impersonal" than a Nazi. Although, I must say, there is evidence the use of Soviet "organs" for the killing of prisoners exhaust. That is how in the early years there were Nazis. useful check. Link Applebaum is on the memoirs of Michael Schrader "
NKVD within: Notes Cheka" , and on page 5 - the preface of the publisher:
As a result, all stimuli were reduced to one thing: destruction for the sake of destruction ... Surely the reader will remember, and the fact that gas cars, gas vans, which in our post-war literature written as one of the most inhuman fascism inventions have been used by domestic butchers (in the same Ivanov, for example) long before the war with the Nazis. " The mere fact that Applebaum referred to the preface to the book published by the office at the Sakharov Center in 1995, in principle, able to make the stop further exploration - in those books, especially in publishing the preface could not batting an eyelid to write about how Beria personally corrupt little dead hamster in front of Amy and Vasey Stalin, and the reader all this gratitude Huval. But I'll resistant. Looking for the text:
When the court convicts retired and taken away, I heard as Radzivilovsky quietly gave orders to his assistant Viktorov:
- That there was buzy, gave them quarters for the paper. Let written statements Kalinin pardon. This
you reassure them, and then ... vezite. Announced that he was taking to jail.
After two or three hours, I learned from one of the officers who accompanied the this group of convicts to be executed, that the sentence is carried out. And he told me that, when a closed car arrived at the place of execution, All prisoners were dragged from cars almost unconscious. Along the way they were drugged and nearly poisoned by exhaust fumes, especially leads according spetsprovodu in a closed truck.
From the same employee, I learned that Ageev, recovering himself, said before the execution:
- You want to know my deathbed tale: it's all lies, lies and lies, from beginning to end. That is, gas-choked choked poor fellows, but not completely dodushili? Or in Ivanovo UNKVD worked reflectors humanists, who preferred to shoot people in a state of unconsciousness?
Shreyderovskie memoirs are not fake, it is a fact. They refer Naumov and many other authoritative for me personally, researchers, objective criticism of the source I could not be found at least on the Internet. Looking for other evidence. Wiki article points to the "Commerce" and "New". The "New" - fiction, vychorkivaem, "Commerce" - interesting
But the greatest ingenuity shown in Moscow. In 1990 I was shown the investigative case who was arrested in 1937, the chief administrative and economic Division NKVD Moscow region Isaiah Berg, stating:
"Berg while he was chief of the operational group for the enforcement of decisions troika NKVD MO. With its participation have been established the car, the so-called gas vans. In these vehicles transporting prisoners sentenced to death, and on the way to the place of execution of sentences, they were gassed. Berg admitted that he organized the enforcement of sentences with cars (gas vans), explaining that he followed the instructions manual UNKVD MO and that without them it would be impossible to execute such a large number of shootings, to which detainees were sentenced three triples at a time. From stories of the interrogations of Berg and the conversations that went to staff UNKVD MO, it was known that the procedure for adjusting sentences, organized by Berg, wore a loathsome character: sentenced to death arrested stripped naked, tied up, gagged and thrown into a car. Property arrested under the direction of Berg plundered ". http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1265324 So all evidence rest on the identity of Isaiah Berg, who alleged on his own initiative has equipped a few gazenvagenov and his group ride them "enemies of the people "on their own initiative. Whence then these cars come from to Ivanovo and why they worked so poorly?
+ AIF on 17 April 1993:
- Is it true that the widely The applied by the Germans during World War II "gas chamber" is a Soviet invention?
I. Reingold, Irkutsk
Questions answered by Colonel Research of the Russian Federation A. oligo.
Indeed, the father of "gas vans" - a specially equipped van like "bread" with pass into the body of the exhaust pipe - was the chief Administrative and economic department of the NKVD Administration for the Moscow Region, ID Berg. For its intended purpose - to kill people - "gas chamber" was first introduced in 1936. In 1939 Berg was shot on charges of conspiring against the NKVD leaders. So in the end - in general warbler:
people sentenced to death, was brought in Butovo, without telling why or where they were taken. This was done intentionally, to avoid unnecessary complications. Machine, covered wagons, the people persistently called "gas chambers". There were rumors that people hunted in paddy wagons, bringing the pipe with the exhaust gases inside the van, where were convicted. About these "gas vans" in his time there was much talk in . The view of the older generation of workers of the NKVD on this issue is ambiguous. Some of them said that it was not, "because this could be never," while others believe that this is quite possibly . In 1938, the former head of the ACS NKVD in Moscow region Berg defendant was charged, as the inventor of the "gas vans".
Here's what showed in 1956, an investigator Kharitonov, NP, who took participate in the interrogations Berg in December 1938 gg.xliii
Q: ... that you can show on the conduct of the investigation Berg?
A: The involvement of the counter-revolutionary BERG conspiratorial organization I had my doubts. But at the same time from the case in Berg, from the conversations that went to workers from the NKVD MO Berg's own admission, I had the impression that he was one of the organizers and perpetrators of gross violations of practical socialist rule of law during his work as chief of the NKVD Aho MO. Berg was then chief of the operational group for the enforcement of decisions troika NKVD MO. With its participation have been established the car, the so-called gas vans. In these vehicles transporting prisoners sentenced to death, and on the way to the place of execution of sentences they otravlivalis gas ... I think that Berg himself is admitted at the inquest.
Q: What has been said by you of gas chambers in the materials of his investigation of the case is not reflected. Than it can you explain?
Answer:
As far as I remember, in the minutes of questioning BERG violations of socialist legality on his side were reflected, were fixed and his testimony about the stifling sentenced to death gas. Berg and his task force on a daily basis was provided in response to a few hundred sentences. I remember that one of the interrogations Berg acknowledged that he organized the enforcement of sentences with the use of cars (gas vans), explaining that he followed the instructions manual UNKVD MO and without that it was impossible to execute such a large number of shootings to which those arrested were sentenced three threes at a time. From the stories during interrogation of Berg and conversations that went to staff UNKVD MO, it was known that the procedure for adjusting sentences, organized by Berg wore a loathsome character: sentenced to death prisoners stripped naked, tied up, gagged and thrown into a car. Property arrested under the direction of Berg plundered ... »xliv
In 1956, when reviewing the case and the first attempt to Rehabilitation Berg its recognition of the" gas chambers "of the case disappeared. http://rys-arhipelag.ucoz.ru/publ/istorija_butovskogo_poligona_19341936_chast_2/31-1-0-1938 That's it. Materials disappeared, no traces, and there are rumors. "Gas vans" were a private matter caretaker UNKVD MO, or in this case was charged on interrogation (something like a Sudoplatov accused of creating a "laboratory of poisons). There is still version - the same wiki there is a quote from the minutes of questioning svitelya A. Koret, where it is said that originally the nickname "Black Maria" people baptized just German gazenvageny acting in the occupied territories. After War "funnel", as is known, became known in general, all machines of the NKVD. Well, from there to the town of legends about our native Soviet gazenvagen close.
In any case, the use of such vehicles and if there was - that was of clearly experimental in nature and in the Ivanovo UNKVD gazenvageny Berg could be could not mean that either Schrader got it wrong, or his memoirs were significantly "edited" nimble and publishers have little in common with the original
However you want to put an end to this matter. Maybe someone else a link or istochnichkom share?
this until I figured all the fingers, of course, so I wait valuable thoughts on the subject of much further digging.
